I finally found what’s wrong — it’s the Content-Type
request header.
If you don't set it explicitly, then the default value is set here to application/x-www-form-urlencoded
-> https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v0.27.2/lib/defaults/index.js#L10 and that apparently makes the request fail on Android, but not on iOS.
Setting the 'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
explicitly fixes the error.
It was working in 0.26.1 because this code was removing the Content-Type
header: https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v0.26.1/lib/adapters/xhr.js#L32